21. A program is an ____ entity.
Correct! A program (code on disk) is a Passive entity. When it is loaded into memory and executing, it becomes a Process, which is an Active entity.
22. In Unix, which system call creates the new process?
Correct!
fork() is the standard Unix system call used to create a new process (child process).23. Which system call is used in Unix to terminate the execution of the process?
Correct! The
exit() system call terminates the process and returns the status to the parent.24. I/O function allows to exchange data directly between an...
Correct! I/O modules act as the interface (or bridge) between the processor and external peripheral devices.
25. Cache memory is intended to provide memory access...
Correct! Cache is built from high-speed SRAM and is intended to provide the fastest access to frequently used data, sitting between CPU and RAM.
26. The primary element used for data storage is said to be...
Correct! In the context of the CPU processing cycle, "Main Storage" (RAM) is the primary element where data resides during execution.
27. Interrupts are provided primarily as a way to...
Correct! Interrupts allow the CPU to switch to other tasks while waiting for I/O operations to complete, preventing idle time.
28. Index register involves adding an...
Correct! Index addressing mode calculates the effective address by adding an "index" value to a base address.
29. Program counter contains the address of the...
Correct! Specifically, the Program Counter (PC) holds the address of the next instruction (information) to be fetched and executed.
30. Memory modules consist of...
Correct! Memory is architecturally defined as a linear sequence of addressable storage "locations".
31. Processor is often referred to...
Correct! The term Processor is interchangeable with CPU (Central Processing Unit).
32. I/O interrupt-driven is more efficient than...
Correct! Programmed I/O wastes CPU cycles by constantly checking (polling) for status. Interrupt-driven I/O allows the CPU to work until alerted.
33. Segment pointers divided memory into...
Correct! Segmentation divides memory into logical variable-sized chunks called segments.
34. The set of all logical addresses generated by a program is referred to as a...
Correct! Logical addresses are generated by the CPU, and the collective set is the Logical Address Space.
35. The replacement algorithm chooses the constraints of...
Correct! In cache memory, replacement algorithms (like LRU) choose which Block of data to replace when the cache is full.
36. Data moved between computer components through...
Correct! I/O Modules facilitate the movement of data between the internal system (CPU/RAM) and external devices.
37. Condition codes are bits typically set by the...
Correct! Condition codes (flags) are set automatically by the processor hardware (ALU) as a result of an operation (e.g., Zero flag, Overflow flag).
38. Instruction register contains the instructions most...
Correct! The Instruction Register (IR) holds the instruction that was just fetched from memory and is currently being decoded/executed.
39. The unit of data exchange between cache and main memory is known as...
Correct! Data is not transferred byte-by-byte but in fixed chunks called Blocks (or Cache Lines).
40. User visible registers enable the machine or programmer to...
Correct! By keeping frequently used variables in registers, the programmer/compiler reduces the number of slow accesses to Main Memory.
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