RFID Introduction | Working principle of RFID

Introduction

You may be wondering how FastTag works. When we reach a toll gate, readers detect your vehicle's FastTag through electromagnetic waves, deduct the required amount, and open the gate. The technology behind this is RFID.

RFID technology is also used in animal-farm management. For example, when an RFID reader reads a tag on a cow, it provides details about the cow's health condition and milk production.

What is RFID?

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It is an automatic identification process used to transmit data between an RFID tag and an RFID reader using electromagnetic fields.

RFID identifies tags attached to objects, collects data, and enters it into computer systems with minimal or no human intervention.

Purpose of RFID Technology

• Tracking Objects: RFID tags help track the location of products, assets, or people, improving inventory management.
• Identification: RFID tags can identify objects such as luggage or vehicles.
• Contactless Payments: Technology behind NFC-enabled credit cards.
• Toll Management: FastTag leverages RFID for automated toll collection.
• Parcel Delivery Tracking: Logistics use RFID to track parcels.

Features of RFID Technology

• Contactless: RFID tags communicate via electromagnetic waves.
• No Line of Sight: RFID tags can be identified even if not visible.
• Durability: Tags can withstand extreme environments.
• Security: Encryption and authentication protect data.

Components of an RFID System

• RFID Tags: Contain a microchip and antenna.
• RFID Reader: Reads tags using electromagnetic waves.
• RFID Software: Processes and stores tag data.

Working Principle of RFID Technology

The RFID reader continuously generates a carrier signal that activates nearby RFID tags. Tags modulate the signal to send data back to the reader, which is then processed by the host system.

Inductive Coupling

Backscatter Coupling

RFID Applications

• Livestock Monitoring: Track animal health and breeding programs.
• Toll Collection: Automated toll payment with RFID tags.
• Access Control: RFID-enabled ID cards for secure access.

Doubt

Do different RFID readers need to be used for passive and active tags?

Yes, because passive and active tags have different power requirements and communication protocols.